Same Problem, Alternative Approaches: Combatting Antisemitism in Contemporary Canada

Abstract

Antisemitism, or hatred of Jews, has been on the rise in Canada for most of the 21st century. Research on combatting antisemitism both within and beyond Canada is urgently needed, but evidence-based research is severely lacking in the literature. Current research suggests that traditional, dominant approaches, such as legal and educational strategies, are inadequate on their own to combat antisemitism effectively. This thesis offers data that challenges these dominant approaches and proposes an alternative: social strategies.

The social strategies this thesis explores centre on Intergroup Contact Theory, which, supported by social psychologists, posits that sustained, positive contact between competing outgroups is the most effective way to reduce bias and prejudice. Specifically, I examine intergroup contact in the context of antisemitism and Jewish and non-Jewish relationships. By exploring the roles of social bonds, empathy and relational factors, and resilience and ingroup confidence, I show that intergroup contact between Jews and non-Jews is a promising, proactive and preventive approach to combatting antisemitism in the long run.

This thesis also explores mechanisms of intergroup contact programming in Canada between Jews and non-Jews and ties them to the deeper cognitive and emotional processes that I also suggest maintain antisemitism in different temporal and spatial contexts. This thesis draws on data from 54 participants across three Canadian cities, namely Ottawa, Victoria, and Montreal, to highlight the potential of intergroup contact to promote long-term positive change for Canada's Jews.